Through the Spark Early Literacy Hub, caregivers can access the tools they need to support their children’s early literacy skills.

Dr. Ece Demir-Lira, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at the University of Iowa, shares how caregivers can support their children's early literacy development.

Transparency and opacity describe the relationship between a word and the word parts that make it up—that is, how easy it is to identify the word parts within the larger word.

Teaching with cognates can help multilingual learners draw on prior knowledge to understand new vocabulary.

Using shared words between languages, or cognates, can improve reading skills for multilingual learners.